CPU component is divided into several types, namely as follows.

* Control unit that organizes the course of the program. This component is certainly present in all the computer controls CPU.CPU duty resulting in synchronization between the components work in carrying out operations functions. included in the control unit responsibility is to take instructions, instructions from main memory and determine the type of instruction. If there are instructions for arithmetic or logical comparisons, the control unit will send instructions to the ALU. Results from processing the data carried by the control unit to the main memory for storage, and in time will be presented to the output device. Thus the task of this control unit are:

• Organize and control the input devices and output. • Taking instructions from main memory. • Importing data from main memory (if necessary) to be processed. • Sending instructions to the ALU when there is a comparison arithmetic or logic, and oversees the work of the ALU. • Save the results to the main memory.

* Register is a small storage device that has a high access speed, which is used to store data and / or instructions that are processed. This memory is temporary, usually used to store data if or when the data for further processing. By analogy, these registers can be likened to a memory in the brain when we do data processing manually, so the brain can be likened to the CPU, which contains memories, control units that regulate the activities of the body and have a place to perform calculations and logical comparisons.
* ALU units assigned to perform arithmetic operations and logic operations defined by instructions. ALU often called machine language for this section ALU consists of two parts, namely arithmetika units and boolean logic units, each of which has its own job specifications. The main task of the ALU is to perform all arithmetic calculations (math) which occurs in accordance with the instructions of the program. ALU perform all the basic arithmetic operations so that the sum of the electronic circuitry that is used is called adder.

Another task of the ALU is to make a decision of a logic operation in accordance with the instructions of the program. Logic operation involves two Operands comparisons using specific logic operator, which is equal to (=), not equal to (¹), less than (), and greater or equal to (³).

* Interconnections are CPU and bus connection system that connects the CPU’s internal components, ie ALU, control unit and registers as well as the external buses connecting the CPU with other systems, such as main memory, device input / output.

Mouse was first created in 1963 by Douglas Engelbart made from wood with a single button. The second model is equipped with 3 buttons. In 1970, Douglas Engelbart introduced the mouse that could find XY position on the computer screen, mouse is known as the XY Position Indicator (XY position indicator).

Form the most common mouse has two buttons, each one at top left and right above that can be suppressed. However, computer-based Macintosh computers typically use one-button mouse.

Mouse to work with motion capture using a touch ball hard and flat surface. The more modern mouse is not using the ball again, but using an optical beam to detect movement. In addition, some are already using wireless technology, both based radio, infrared, or Bluetooth.

Currently, the latest technology has enabled mouse using laser system so that the resolution can reach 2000 points per inch (dpi), one can even reach 4800 points per inch. Usually this mouse model is for fans of video games.

Prior to the advent of the microprocessor, a computer was usually built in a card-cage case or mainframe with components connected by a backplane consisting of a set of slots themselves connected with wires; in very old designs the wires were discrete connections between card connector pins, but printed circuit boards soon became the standard practice. The Central Processing Unit, memory and peripherals were housed on individual printed circuit boards which plugged into the backplane.

During the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard (see below). In the late 1980s, motherboards began to include single ICs (called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. As of the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component.

The early pioneers of motherboard manufacturing were Micronics, Mylex, AMI, DTK, Hauppauge, Orchid Technology, Elitegroup, DFI, and a number of Taiwan-based manufacturers.

Popular personal computers such as the Apple II and IBM PC had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which permitted rapid reverse-engineering and third-party replacement motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers compatible with the exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer’s original equipment.

The term mainboard is archaically applied to devices with a single board and no additional expansions or capability. In modern terms this would include embedded systems and controlling boards in televisions, washing machines, etc. A motherboard specifically refers to a printed circuit with the capability to add/extend its performance and capabilities with the addition of “daughterboards.”

First time in 60′an known. Only when the semiconductor memory that has not been popular because the price is very expensive. When it is more common to use a magnetic main memory.

Semiconductor companies like Intel to start producing debut with RAM, more precisely type of DRAM.

Usually RAM can be written and read, as opposed to memory-read-only (read-only-memory, ROM), RAM is usually used for primary storage (main memory) for use in computer and change the information actively, although some tools to use several types RAM to provide a secondary storage of long-term.

But there is also the opinion that the ROM is another type of RAM, because it is really too random access as SRAM or DRAM. Only it was the process of writing the ROM requires a special process that is not as easy and flexible as well as SRAM or DRAM. Also some parts of the space addres RAM (main memory) of a system that is mapped into one or two chip ROM.

* Board system / mother board which houses the CPU, memory and other parts, and has a slot for additional cards.
o RAM – where short-term data storage, so the computer does not need to always access the hard disk to find data. The number of larger RAM will help speed your PC
o Buses:
+ Bus PCI
+ Industry Standard Architecture
+ USB
+ AGP
o ROM (Read Only Memory) in which the firmware is put
o CPU (Central Processing Unit) as the main part of the brain and the computer

* Power supply – a box which houses the transformer, voltage and fan control
* Controller storage, the type of IDE, SCSI or something else, which controls the hard disk, floppy disk, CD-ROM and other drives; controller is located on the main board (on-board) or the additional card
* Control the video performance that produces output for computer displays
* Computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Firewire) to connect the computer with other external additional equipment such as printers or scanners
* Some types of computer storage:
o CD – the most common type of removable media, cheap but easily broken.
+ CD-ROM
+ CD-RW
+ CD-R
o DVD
+ DVD-ROM
+ DVD-RW
+ DVD-R
o Floppy disk
* Storage in – store data in a computer for long-term use.
o Hard disk – for long-term data storage
o Disk array controller
* Sound card – translates signals from the system board to the language that can be understood by speakers, and has terminals for the cable striking the earphone.
* Computer network – to connect the computer to the Internet and / or other computers.
o Modem – for dial-up connections.
o network card – to the Internet DSL / cable, and / or connect to another computer.
* Other equipment.

In addition, hardware can include other external components. Below is a standard component or commonly used.

Input
o Keyboard
o Tool bookmarks
+ Mouse
+ Trackball
o Joystick
o Gamepad
o Scanner picture
o Webcam
o Graphics Tablet
* Output
o Printer
o Speaker
o Monitor
* Network / Networking
o Modem
o network

In such a definition is a tool like a slide rule, mechanical calculator types ranging from abacus, and so on, until all contemporary electronic computers. Better terms suitable for a broad sense such as “computer” is “that process information” or “information-processing system.”

Over the years there have been several different meanings to the word “computer”, and several different words are now referred to simply referred to as a computer.

The word computer is generally never used To define people who do arithmetic calculations, with or without a donkey engine. According to the Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, the word is used in English in 1646 as the word for “people who count” and then before 1897 is also used as a “mechanical calculators. During World War II, the word refers to female workers of the United States and England whose work calculating artillery war path with the cash register.

Charles Babbage designed one of the first calculating machine called the analytical engine. In addition, a variety of simple machine tools such as slide rule will be considered as well as a computer.